Thank you for OpenCV.
Like you, I struggled for a long time with the inability to calibrate asymmetrical circle patterns.
After confirming that the entire pattern was asymmetrical, with an odd number of columns and an even number of rows, I was able to calibrate it normally by adjusting the Circle Diameter and Diagonal Spacing.
I attached the pattern with the size changed, which calibrated successfully.
It seems that the optimal balance between Circle Diameter and Spacing is approximately 50% to 70%. The diameter/spacing size of the circle in the attached image is 60 mm/100 mm.
The calibration settings for this pattern are row 4, column 29.