Resize global temperature data

I have a global 2D dataset of air temperature at a 0.125x0.125 degree resolution, shape=(1441, 2880) and I want to resize to a 0.1x0.1 degree grid which would result in a shape=(1801, 3600).

Is there a way to make resize aware of the wrapping of the data around the world so there is a correct transition at the east and west boundaries?

No.

you can construct a source band across the seam, resize that, and apply half the result to each edge.