What are you using for Text effects?

I’m just curious what everyone uses for text effects.
I have some nasty hacks for fades, cascades and flashing, but mostly I am breaking strings into character arrays, or overwriting the text colour with the background color, or something like that.
Ive been avoiding clearing the whole screen when just trying to update a potion of it.

I’m just wondering what everyone else is doing for adding or manipulating text on screen.

OpenCV4.7, Various Linux Distros

totally off-topic, sorry. . .