How do I make an executable that I can run on another computer (Windows)

As I said, you also need other DLL files. CONCRT140D.dll makes part of the Visual C++ compiler dependencies. You either copy these files too, or give the Visual C++ redistributable installer.

You can try the dependency walker to get the list of all the needed DLLs.

Anyway, the DLL hell is a real PITA for Windows.